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The Queensland Gardening Pages

Information & resources about plants & gardens for Brisbane & Qld

Pests and diseases


This page is intended to provide information about general approaches to pest and disease control (emphasising organic or low-toxic techniques) plus some information about some types of common pests and diseases of garden plants in Queensland.

For information on particular plants, go to the part of the site dealing with that plant or group. See: List of Plants
CAUTIONARY NOTES:
A great deal of legislation exisists around the subject of pests and diseases and their control. This can include DIY, "natural" or "organic" treatments. Furthermore, laws change regularly, with some products being removed from sale, new ones being introduced or conditions of registration changing.
Material presented on this website is intended for general information and research. It is not necessarily up-to-date or directly applicable to your circumstances. Your local garden centre should be able to suggest suitable treatments for common problems in home gardens in your area. If in doubt, consult a relevant authority to check which regulations currently apply to you.
Carefully read the label of any products you purchase and always follow the directions.

News

Updated Weed ID book for S. Queensland
Published by the Weed Society of Queensland, the updated "Weeds of Southern Queensland" is available from Southern Downs Regional Council offices. More informatiion: Get your hands on free updated weed identification book (June 2011)

A new wave in weed control
Australian research is working towards a weed-killing device that uses microwaves instead of chemicals. Energy could be focused on individual plants, making it potenially useful for spot-treament. It would not be affected by wind or rain or leave herbicide residue. Unfortunately, the amount of energy used is relatively high, and making the system more energy-efficient will be one of the aims of future research. More information from the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation: Microwaves to cook away weeds (June 2011)

Older news items at bottom of page

Suppliers of garden pest or disease control products & equipment to Qld

Most garden centres will carry a range of pest control products for common garden problems in your area. Specialist nurseries might carry products particularly suited to the types of plants they carry. Check the appopriate page for a specialist nursery (List of Plants).

If you require a contractor to treat pest or disease problems in the garden, try Gardeners / Maintenance Services, Lawnmowing Services, Turf Specialists or Arborists

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WILD MAY
Fruit Fly Attractant


Wild May Essential Oils
P.O. Box 5032
Mt Gravatt East, Qld 4122
Ph: (07) 3843 6629
wildmay@powerup.com.au
wildmay.com
The Wild May fruit fly control system uses a special lure to the trap the male Queensland fruit fly (including immature males), thereby interrupting the reproductive cycle without sprays.

Wild May is easy to use and suitable for the home garden as well as on farms. It's pesticide free and BFA registered, so it's allowable in organic systems.

Ask for Wild May Fruit Fly Attractant at garden centres and produce agents throughout Queensland.

For the most up-to-date information on opening hours, items in stock, prices etc, be sure to contact the business directly. The above list may include online retailers and mail order suppliers.

If you sell items to help Qlders with garden pests and you would like to advertise on this page, go to: Advertising information.

More Links

You might find additional information on particular plants on the page dealing with that plant or group. For a menu, go to Plants
APVMA - Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (previously National Registration Authority)
Public Chemical Registration Information System APVMA's searchable database of registered products
NB: In the case of major brands of garden chemicals, also try checking their own websites for more information on specific products
Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry including Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service
DEEDI Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (incorporating the former Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries)
PAN Pesticide Database Pesticide Action Network, North America

Some common types of pests & diseases

Fruit Fly
Fruit Fly and the Home Garden Information and advice for Australians from the Office of the Chief Plant Protection Officer, Federal Government
Queensland fruit fly in rare fruit Qld Dept of Primary Industries
Nets prove effective in fruit fly control Dept Primary Industries & Fisheries, Qld
Fruit fly and the home gardener NSW Department of Primary Industries
Queensland fruit fly NSW Department of Primary Industries

Aphids
Aphids as Pests of Ornamental Plants Victoria Department of Primary Industries (PDF)
Hungry Aphids Find Succulent Garden Growth AttractiveUniversity of California Cooperative Extension
Aphid Populations May Build Up Quickly and Decline Quickly University of California Cooperative Extension
Aphid Management Texas A&M University

Scale
Scale insects and mealybugs on ornamentals Victoria Department of Primary Industries
Scale insects Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney
Managing Scale Insects Introductory article. Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County
Identifying and Controlling Scale Insects University of Illinois Extension University of Illinois Extension

Mealybugs
Mealybugs - fact sheet Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney
Scale insects and mealybugs on ornamentals Victoria Department of Primary Industries
Mealybugs Ohio State University

Mites
Mites University of Florida
Mites on Ornamental Plants University of Florida
Two-spotted mite Queensland DEEDI
Two-spotted mite on ornamental plants Victoria Department of Primary Industries
Two-spotted Mite Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney
Biology and Pest Management of Spider Mites Department of Regional Development, Primary Industry, Fisheries & Resources, Northern Territory Government (PDF)
Spider Mites University of California
Spider Mites Like Hot Weather University of California Cooperative Extension.
twospotted spider mite University of Florida
Twospotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae) Center for Integrated Pest Management, North Carolina State University
Spider Mites Washington State University Clark County Extension
Two-spotted spider mite Univ. California Davis
Broad mite in fruit and ornamental plants (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) Dept of Primary Industries & Fisheries, Queensland
Broad mite South Australia
Eriophyid Mites Affecting Ornamental Plants Department of Primary Industries, Victoria (PDF)

Thrips
Horticultural pest: thrips NSW Department of Primary Industries
Which thrips is that? NSW Department of Primary Industries
Introduction to Thrips University of Florida
Recognizing and Controlling Thrips Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County

Lace Bugs
Lace Bugs University of Florida
Lace Bugs University of California
Lace Bugs on Ornamental Plants University of Florida
For Azalea Lace, Bug, go to the Azaleas page

Nematodes
Nematodes in the home garden Dept Primary Industries & Fisheries, Queensland
Alternatives to nematicides in fruit and vegetable crops Dept Primary Industries & Fisheries, Queensland
Nematodes: Alternative Controls National Center for Appropriate Technology (USA)
Plan Ahead For Effective Garden Nematode ControlUniversity of California Cooperative Extension
Root knot disease and its control NSW Department of Primary Industries
Marigolds and Nematode Management Backyard Gardener column, June 16, 2004. Arizona Cooperative Extension, University of Arizona
Root Knot Nematodes Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County
soil-inhabiting nematodes University of Florida

Whiteflies
Whitefly Department of Agriculture Western Australia
Introduction to whiteflies University of Florida
Whiteflies Cornell University Cooperative Extension (PDF)
Whileflies Can Spread Disease Univ. Florida (PDF)

Root rots and other soil-borne diseases
Soil-borne Diseases in the Home Garden Department of Agriculture Western Australia
Damping-off Diseases in the Garden University of California
Sustainable Management of Soil-borne Plant Diseases Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas, USA
Root Rot Diseases of Ornamentals University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service
Phytophthora root rot Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney
Phytophthora root rot Royal Horticultural Society, UK
Root Injury May Cause Tree Failure Many Years LaterUniversity of California Cooperative Extension
Flooding Effects on Trees University of Minnesota
Forest Health Protection - Hazard Trees Links to a variety of information at the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service website

Powdery Mildew
Powdery Mildew Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney
Watch for Powdery Mildew Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County
Powdery Mildew on Ornamentals University of California
Powdery Mildew on Vegetables University of California

Weeds
Weeds section of the Qld Dept of Primary Industries website dealing with weeds, including information on declared weeds
Weeds Australia National Weeds Strategy
Weed control for successful plant establishment NRM Facts, Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Queensland (PDF)
Weed control options in landscape beds and groundcovers University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA (PDF)
How long do weed seeds survive in the soil? Extension Service Garden Hints, Oregon State University

Other
Common insect pests of native plants in home gardens Department of Agriculture Western Australia
Common House Plant Disorders University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service
Psyllids and their control Department of Primary Industries, Victoria
Psyllids University of California Davis
What is a True Bug? Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County
Green stink bug (Plautia affinis) Queensland Primary Industries
Rutherglen bug, grey cluster bug (Nysius vinitor, Nysius clevelandensis) Queensland Primary Industries
What is a Virus? Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County
Anthracnose University of California
Sooty Mold University of California
Sooty Mold University of Hawaii
Cutworm Qld DPI
Cutworms Cornell University Cooperative Extension (PDF)
Slugs and Snails Missouri Environment and Garden, University of Missouri
Slugs and Snails Cornell University Cooperative Extension (PDF)
Grasshopper Management National Center for Appropriate Technology (USA)
Boring insects Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney
Parasitism in the Garden Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County
Dodder: A Plant Parasite Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County

Management and treatments

General
Managing a garden the natural way Department of Agriculture Western Australia
Natural alternatives to synthetic chemicals Department of Agriculture Western Australia

Cultural methods
Using Cultural Pest Control Methods Backyard Gardener column, August 4, 2004. Arizona Cooperative Extension, University of Arizona
Cultural Control of Plant Disease Overview of general approach. University of Florida
Farm hygiene for vegetable crops Dept Primary Industries & Fisheries, Queensland
Preventing Plant Diseases - Don't Forget Sanitation! Missouri Environment and Garden, University of Missouri
Insect Traps and Barriers Cornell University Cooperative Extension (PDF)
Bagging fruits Online Information Service for Non-Chemical Pest Management in the Tropics (OISAT)
To net or not to net Download a PDF report on netting against birds, bats and insects from this page. Qld DPI
Bug Vacuums for Organic Crop Protection Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas, USA
Pruning (as an aspect of pest & disease management) Online Information Service for Non-Chemical Pest Management in the Tropics (OISAT)

Beneficial Organisms
Beneficial organisms in the home garden Department of Agriculture Western Australia
White collared ladybird predator in vegetable crops Dept Primary Industries & Fisheries, Queensland
ladybirds University of Florida

Companion planting, Trap crops, Allelopathy
The Myth of Companion Plantings Washington State University (PDF)
2006 Companion Plant Trials Yard and Garden News, University of Minnesota
Companion Planting: Basic Concept and Resources Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas, USA
Companion Planting Cornell University Cooperative Extension (PDF)
Marigolds and Nematode Management Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County
Marigolds Iowa State University
Fighting weeds naturally Scientists researching the use of allelopathic compounds to combat weeds
The importance of allelopathy in breeding new cultivars in: Weed Management for Developing Countries, Food and Agriculture Oganisation of the United Nations
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (River Red Gum) Water for a healthy country
Plants Inhibit Growth of Other Plants University of Illinois Extension

Other treatments
Remember, read the label carefully and always follow the directions. The following links are intended as background information only, as legally permissable formulations, application rates, withholding periods and so forth may vary from one jurisdiction to another and are constantly being reviewed.
Insecticides Some general information concerning the types of insecticides from University of Sydney
Horticultural Oil Sprays Introductory article. Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County
Using Oil Sprays for Insect Pest Management Cornell University Cooperative Extension (PDF)
Material fact sheets - oils Cornell University
Horticultural oil Univ. California Davis
Horticultural oils Washington State University (PDF)
Key Information About Insecticidal Oils And Soaps in: NFREC News, Aug 18, 2008. University of Florida (PDF)
Use of Baking Soda as a Fungicide Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas, USA
Key Information About Insecticidal Oils And Soaps in: NFREC News, Aug 18, 2008. University of Florida (PDF)
Clean up pests with soap University of Florida
Pyrethrins; pyrethrum Univ. California Davis
Sulfur Univ. California Davis
Copper compounds Univ. California Davis
Spinosad: The First Selective, Broad-Spectrum Insecticide The Connecticut Cooperative Extension System
Spinosad University of California
Spinosad Univ. California Davis
Bacterial Insecticides: Bacillus thuringiensis Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County
The Myth of Compost Tea, Episode III Can "aerated compost teas" suppress plant disease? Washington State University (PDF)
Notes on Compost Teas Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas, USA
Compost Tea: A Brew for Your Garden Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County
The Myth of Curative Kelp Can seaweed extracts reduce disease and improve stress resistance of landscape plants? Washington State University (PDF)
Cornell University
Glyphosate Univ. California Davis

Responsible Chemical Use
Responsible Use of Herbicides and Pesticides The Adelaide & Mt Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board
Spray drift and how to prevent it Dept Primary Industries & Fisheries, Queensland
Why would a pesticide not work Charlotte County UF/IFAS Extension Service, Florida (PDF)
An array of sprayers for pesticides Charlotte County Cooperative Extension Service


You might find more information regarding specific plants by checking the page dealing with that group. List of Plants

Older News

Mrytle rust in Roma Street Parklands
Brisbane residents are being asked to look out for the rust as the number of sightings increases through the region. The curator of Roma Street Parklands assures visitors that appropriate action has been taken after rust was found on a single plant. (Be on the lookout for myrtle rust in Brisbane May 2011) However, Biosecurity Queensland advise that anyone who does come into contact with myrtle rust should clean clothing and shoes to avoid spreading the disease. More information and advice at www.biosecurity.qld.gov.au.

Natural disease suppression a complex process
Scientists from Dutch and American laboratories have found 17 microorganisms working together in soil from a sugar beet field that suppresses the root pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. This relationship, discovered with the help of DNA technology, is much more complex than found in past studies of disease-suppressive soils. The plant also plays its part by releasing food for the microbes through its roots. Source: It Takes a Community of Soil Microbes to Protect Plants From Disease (May 2011)

Where did those pesky fire ants come from?
Genetic research indicates that recent invasions of fire ants in Australia, New Zealand and Asia started in the United States, even though the pest is native to South America. It established in the U.S. in the 1930s. Scientists hope that improved knowledge of the ants' lineage will help them identify effective biocontrol agents. Source: UF study traces global red imported fire ant invasions to southern US (February 2011)

Myrtle Rust in Cairns
The disease has been found in a retail nursery in Cairns, but not before several plants from the same consignment had already been sold. Media release: Myrtle rust confirmed in Cairns nursery (23 February, 2011)

Myrtle Rust spreads in Qld
According to the 16th February update, MR has been confirmed on 34 sites including private residences. For more information go to www.biosecurity.qld.gov.au

Myrtle Rust reaches Sunshine Coast
Infected plants have been found in a park at Noosaville. Media release: Myrtle rust confirmed in parkland in Queensland (8th February 2011).

ALERT: Myrtle Rust found in SE QLD
First found in Australia in NSW last year, the disease has recently been identified in three plant nurseries in Qld (Myrtle rust confirmed in South East Queensland, 05 January, 2011). Appropriate measures have been taken to contain the infections, but other nurseries are urged to monitor plants. Members of the plant family Myrtaceae, which includes Callistemon and Syzygium, are hosts or potential host of this disease and anyone who has recently purchased such a plant from from a nursery in SE Qld should also check for symptoms. More information and images at www.biosecurity.qld.gov.au. Report any suspect plants to Biosecurity Queensland on 13 25 23.

Gums should recover from caterpillar outbreak
Agri-Science Queensland has assured residents of the Boonah, Beaudesert, Lockyer Valley and Brisbane/Esk Valley regions that local gum trees attacked by a recent outbreak of caterpillars will recover. The gum leaf skeletoniser (Uraba lugens) can leave trees with a "bronzed" or "scorched" appearence. The large numbers have probably resulted from the weather conditions this winter and spring. Hotter temperatures should see numbers decrease. In the meantime, residents should avoid contact with the caterpillars, which can cause skin irritation. More from the DEEDI here: Caterpillar culprit of gum tree 'bronzing' (December, 2010)

Myrtle Rust a threat to Australian favourites
Uredo rangelii is a rust fungus that attacks the plant family Myrtaceae. It's been detected in NSW and is of great concern given the prevalence of this family in the Australian flora. Plants on which the rust have been detected so far include members of Callistemon, Syzygium, Leptospermum and Austromyrtus. Strict quarantine measures have been implemented in order to contain the outbreak. Nurseries, gardeners and florists should take care that sourcing and movement of plant material complies with regulations, and be on the lookout for signs of rust infection on myrtaceous plants in their area. Photos, information and updates available at the Myrtle Rust website (NSW Department of Primary Industries). See also Myrtle Rust National Management Group (Australian Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Myrtle rust (Qld Department of Environment and Resource Management) or check with the relevant department in your state or territory (September 2010)

Three species of ornamental ginger declared weeds in Queensland
Media release from Tim Mulherin (Minister for Primary Industries, Fisheries and Rural and Regional Queensland) here: Three Gingers banned in Queensland.
       Yellow ginger (Hedychium flavescens) is now a Class 1 weed
        White ginger (Hedychium coronarium) is now a Class 3 weed
        Kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum) is now a Class 3 weed
All are now illegal to sell or trade in Qld, while landowners who have yellow ginger on their properties must eradicate it. More information on declared weeds in Qld, the classification system and your obligations at the Biosecurity Queensland website. (November 2010)

The dingo may be forestry's best friend
Researchers at Curtin University of Technology and Chemistry Centre WA may have found a new way to help protect reforestation areas from kangarros, wallabies and possums - fresh dingo urine. Presumably warning the animals that a predator is nearby (aged urine had no effect), the active chemicals could be used to develop wildlife-friendly deterrents and alternatives to the controversial 1080 poison used by the logging industry in Tasmania. Unfortunately for gardeners, trials suggested that the Brushtail Possum may be less susceptible than the other marsupials studied. More information Curtin University of Technology here: Dingo urine offers humane solution to kangaroo cull (June 2008)

Blow-up man at work in Sydney's Botanic Gardens
An air-powered windsock is being used in Sydney's Royal Botanic Gardens to deter flying foxes from roosting in vulnerable trees. The "inflatable man" is a temporary measure until the animals can be relocated. While there is no intention to stop the animals feeding, roosting has proven to be a big problem. Some of the trees that have already been damaged are the among the oldest and most significant in the Gardens. More from Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, available here. (July 2008)

Canada gets greener
With residential use already banned in many Canadian municipalities, retail chain The Home Depot® has decided to phase out "traditional" pesticides in all its Canadian stores. This includes fungicides, insecticides, herbicides and slug baits. More environmentally friendly alternatives will compliment the range of other "green" products and programs offerrd by the company. Media release here: Home Depot Canada Voluntarily Phases Out Pesticides Across Canada and Provides Consumers Over 50 Options in Natural Lawn Care (April 2008)
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illustration
Sustainable Gardens
by Rob Cross and Roger Spencer
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Organic Gardening in Australia
editor-in-chief Pauline Pears
illustration
The Little Book of Compost
by Allan Shepherd
illustration
The Organic Garden
by Allan Shepherd
illustration
Compost
by Clare Foster
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The Profitable Hobby Farm
by Sarah Aubrey
illustration
Choosing Eden
by Adrienne Langman
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by Stephanie Alexander
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Organic Housekeeping
by Ellen Sandbeck
illustration
Save
by Shannon Lush and Jennifer Flemming
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